Graphene is a flat, single layer of carbon atoms (related to graphite, as the name implies) that can transport electrons at 10 times the speed possible with silicon. Until recently, it was hard to make in quantity. But in early 2008, Rutgers University researchers developed an easy way to make transparent grapheme films that, speculate the researchers, might be a cheaper, better replacement for materials now used in solar cells and transistors.
For more information on how researchers are producing Graphene read the Technology Review's coverage on the process.
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